Monday, November 26, 2007

O P Agarwaal,iit Chemistry



Howto Commercial Offer

INTRODUCCIÓN

The amebic , is the clinical picture caused by Entamoeba histolytica , commensal protozoan of the large intestine, which sometimes invade the intestinal mucosa and manages to spread via the blood (blood).
This organism was discovered by slice, in 1875. But he proved to be pathogenic role was Kartulis in 1887.
In 1901, Councilman and Lafleur, described the pathogenesis of dysentery and liver abscess.

Mobile Bartending Liquor License Ca



Entamoeba histolytica: This parasite exists in the colon in two forms, the trophozoite or cyst form mobile and stationary.

trophozoite:

measures between 20-50 microns, has adjustable motility, this ectoplasm clear and well defined, with thin fingerlike pseudopodia and endoplasm finely granular, with eccentric nucleus and the central and punctiform karyosome. Live in the lumen, wall or both parts of the colon. Multiply by binary fission grow best under anaerobic conditions and require the presence of bacteria or tissue substrates for nutritional requirements. The trophozoite is the form of propagation (vegetative) of the parasite.


Cyst

is the infective form and is predominant in the stools of asymptomatic carriers. The cysts are between 5-20μm. Cysts in stool can from one to four cores. Cysts survive outside the host for days or weeks, especially at low temperatures and humidity. Is the infecting stage in the life cycle of the parasite and thus infection is transmitted from one host to another, with the ingestion of contaminated food and water.

Life cycle:

If food or water infected with faeces containing cysts of E. histolytica, they can be ingested by an individual, these cysts contained in the feces resist stomach pH and pass into the intestine, the bowel will be excystation and release the trophozoite (vegetative form) and it will multiply. The infected individual may have symptoms or do not, then encyst and cysts are to be deleted to the environment by the deposition and they are going to infect other individuals. It can also happen that the infected individual trophozoites released into the environment but they are dying. Another possibility is that the amoeba puncture the intestine and reaches the liver is a liver abscess.


To see more detail this picture, click on the following link:

Autodesk Inventor 2008 Seriove Cislo

BIOLOGY EPIDEMIOLOGY PATHOGENESIS

  • The causative agent is the Entamoeba histolytica.

  • trophozoites die quickly outside the intestine, therefore, not important in the spread of infection.

  • The cyst is the infective element tetragenicity that resists chlorination of water and environmental conditions.

  • The main reservoir host is the man.
    Habitat: Intestine of Man.
    route of infection: Oral.
    transmission of infection occurs via fecal - oral direct, aided by poor sanitary conditions and sexual contact bucoanal.

  • through ingestion of drinking water and contaminated food, of poor food handling and through mechanical vectors, can be transmitted infections especially in indirect ways poor regions of the world sound, with and drinking water shortages and lack of sewage systems.
  • is the third most important parasitic disease worldwide.
    Its worldwide prevalence is 10%. Mostly in underdeveloped countries and in tropical areas, 50 - 80%

  • is more common in adults and is equally distributed by gender and race.
    The infection is more frequent than the disease, only 10% of the infected patient. According
    isoenzyme patterns amoebas have been classified into pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains, according to zymodemes, 9 are pathogenic worth clarifying that there are more than 20 zymodemes, of which half are associated with liver abscess or intestinal ulceration.

M-jak-milosc.pl Nowe Odcinki



The pathogenesis is dependent mainly on host susceptibility and immune status, in addition to the diet rich in carbohydrates, steroids, protein malnutrition and pregnancy.

However, the conditions of neutral or alkaline pH, a low pO2, and nutrients from bacteria associated with influencing the development of the amoeba.

the pathogenesis is also dependent on the environment, the amount, virulence and resistance to phagocytic capacity the parasites.


The invasiveness of a strain is related to their phagocytic capacity (erythrophagocytosis), production of collagenase and a cytotoxic protein immunogenicity, resistance to the host inflammatory response and its ability of cell lysis after contact with the host cell. Furthermore, the adhesive strength is given by Lecithin, there is also a pore-forming protein (amebaporo), which alters the cell membrane, subsequently producing intestinal cytolysis, attracting neutrophils that release toxic, causing an inflammatory reaction that continues until destruction of the mucosa, which subsequently leads to ulcer.







The PMN, is with the amoeba, and is phagocytosed, but when he tries to phagocytose amebaporo is released so the white blood cell is destroyed (kiss of death).

The amoeba reaches the lumen of the intestine, starts to crawl by the epithelial cells, and can feed on detritus and can lead to injury, to ulcers.

Therefore, broken cells and reaches the submucosa of the intestine, and can begin to multiply, while the submucosa now has the largest endowment of SI cells (MALT) Peyer's patches, but the grace that has the E. histolytica is that it has strategies to evade the SI in this way can cause an abscess (ameboma) and can penetrate the submucosa and reach the capillaries and thus reach Via Porta and subsequently to the liver, and this is the most serious condition of the disease.




Bacterial Infection Tongue Throat

Manifestación CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS

  • Asymptomatic Amebiasis

E. histolytica , reside as commensal intestinal lumen does not cause tissue damage, so the wearer removes cysts in stool, transmitted to another host.

The reason that these carriers had no symptoms, is still unknown, but there is a risk that if occurs.

As the carrier may be infected by pathogenic or nonpathogenic strains. strains can be identified by serological tests.

  • symptomatic Amebiasis

Intestinal Amebiasis

Introducing types and severity dependent on the location and intestinal involvement.

Rectosigmoiditis Acute injuries Presents ulceronecróticas rectosigmoid segment of colon, manifesting with symptoms of acute onset with bloody diarrhea presenting evacuacuaciones of 7-10 per day, accompanied by pain hemiabdominal bottom. can also be accompanied by fever and general commitment.

Fulminant Colitis: There is extensive destruction of the mucosa and submucosa of the colon, with ulcers in its entire length. Table severe bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain and severe in general conditions. The liver may be tender.

If this box is not treated, can develop in the large bowel dilatation, high fever, rapid dehydration, vomiting and a tendency to shock. being one of the most common and serious complications are intestinal perforation, leading to peritonitis, sepsis, shock and death.

form or diarrhea Diarrheal Acute This commitment has superficial and manifests with diarrhea more or less intense, non-dysenteric acute or intermittent, with or without abdominal pain.

Extraintestinal Amebiasis

Hepatic Amebiasis (amebic liver abscess): Caused by the migration of trophozoites of E. histolytica, from gut to liver via portal circulation, presenting most frequent location in the right lobe, a feature that is explained by the distribution of intestinal damage (cecoascendente) where the circulation that supplies blood to the area, drains into the portal circulation.

The most important pathological facts presented in this table is the hepatomegaly with a focal lesion consisting of an abscess cavity, which can to occupy the entire right lobe. with material typically brown, odorless, thick corresponding to necrotic liver tissue with blood. However, the amoebae are outside of the necrotic region, limited in the outer wall of the abscess when invading the surrounding parenchyma.

Occasionally, the abscess becomes infected with bacteria, causing a conformational change, becoming more fluid, yellow or green, with the presence of PMN leukocytes and bacteria.



Running Shoes Narrow Feet High Arches



Deposition Serial
The diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of E. histolytica in feces or tissues.

be examined for motile trophozoites, prepared fresh liquid, semi-formed stool recently. (Serial stool)

Amoebae usually more easily shown in the flakes of mucus bloody stool.

"Sometimes examines stool samples 3-6 to reach the diagnosis, preserving all the tests, where to defer the exam, to preserve the trophozoites and cysts."

In symptomatic patients, proctoscopy can show mucosal lesions. You have to make an aspiration of injuries and an examination of the aspirate in search of trophozoites.

Diagnosis of extraintestinal amebiasis is more difficult. In general, stool examination is negative and rarely can be demonstrated the presence of trophozoites in the pus. In some cases with clinical suspicion of amoebic liver abscess the only method of diagnosis that has any use is the administration of amebicides test.

serological tests show positive results in almost all patients with amebic liver abscess, and in more than 80% of those with acute amoebic dysentery.

ELISA

immunosorbent assays (EIA) and methods of analysis laboratory called Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are available as a diagnostic tool to aid in the detection of Entamoeba histolytica and should be used in addition microscopic study, particularly the tests reveal the presence of amebic antigen and are commonly used in clinical laboratories to detect the presence of these antigens in their feces demonstrating its high sensitivity and high specificity that can be used by technologists to detect its presence.

Moreover, the detection of antibodies in the serum has been considered it crucial to study extra-intestinal infections such as amebic liver abscess. The sensitivity of antibody testing of Entamoeba histolytica in a study diagnosis of amebic liver abscess has been reported that almost 100%.

Reaction Polymerase Chain

As the analysis of antigen detection, Chain Reaction (PCR) has also been considered as a diagnostic tool. PCR techniques have several advantages and disadvantages. For example, PCR methods are highly specific and sensitive. Chain Reaction Polymerase is able to detect a difference trophozoites per sample to ELISA techniques which are not able to detect low levels of amoebic antigens.

PCR methods are considered very specific, which are aimed at detecting specific DNA of the organism sought. The disadvantages of using PCR is influenced by the fact that require a high level of technical skills laboratory, are extremely laborious and expensive performance compared to ELISA techniques is very complex.

Moreover, the problem of contamination fecal techniques DNA amplification and detection of amebic is very common.

Heavy Painful Bleeding With Twins

PREVENTIVE TREATMENT

The goal of therapy is to eradicate the parasite antiamibiana in intestinal and extraintestinal. The available drugs may act at different sites: lumen, intestinal wall or systemically.



Drugs:

  • metronidazole: a drug of choice for invasive amebiasis as luminal, effective against trophozoites, low toxicity, contraindicated in pregnancy. Dosage: 750mg three times a day for 7-10 days.
  • diloxanide furoate: efficient, available only in USA
  • Diyodohidroquinolina: 60-70% effective, contraindicated in patients with thyroid disease.
  • Other drugs tissue action: paromomycin, chloroquine, emetine and dihidrometina.



Contraseña Mp3proclub



Prophylaxis Individual:



  • Avoid consumption of contaminated food and water.

  • strict personal hygiene habits.

  • onychophagia Avoid food and exposure to vectors.

  • Washing Fruits and Vegetables.



General Prophylaxis:



  • hambiental Adequate sanitation, proper disposal of stools, treatment of wastewater.

  • Food Control and manipulators.

  • Education high-risk groups.

  • recommended in some cases, treatment of sexual contacts.



Video thanks to YouTube collaboration, dedicated to all regular customers of street food, or local poor hygienic habits, which may be causing amebic mass.

that Enjoy it!

What Does A Master Business Certificate Look Like



Medical Parasitology, Atias A. 1998, Editorial Mediterraneo, 1 Ed, Chapter 8, Santiago, Chile.

Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Pumarola A. , Editorial Salvat, 2 nd Ed, Chapter 74, Barcelona, \u200b\u200bSpain.